Roman Numeral Date Converter

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Once used by the Ancient Romans as their standard system of numbering, Roman numerals use combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to signify values. The original system used in the Classical Era was adjusted slightly during the Middle Ages to create the numeral system we recognize and use today. Use the tools below to convert any number or date to Roman numerals and back.

Roman Numeral Date Converter

Select a date below and convert it to Roman numerals. Perfect for anniversaries, birthdays, and special occasions.

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Roman Numeral ↔ Number Converter

Convert between Roman numerals and regular (Arabic) numbers in either direction.

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How to Read and Write Roman Numerals

Roman numerals were the standard numbering system used throughout the Roman Empire. Today, they still appear on clock faces, in book chapters, for movie sequels, at the Super Bowl, and on monuments and buildings. The system is based on seven letters from the Latin alphabet, each assigned a fixed value.

The 5 Rules of Roman Numerals

Addition rule: When a smaller numeral appears after a larger one, you add the values together. For example, VI = 5 1 = 6 and XII = 10 1 1 = 12.
Subtraction rule: When a smaller numeral appears before a larger one, you subtract the smaller from the larger. For example, IV = 5 − 1 = 4 and XC = 100 − 10 = 90.
Repetition rule: A numeral can be repeated up to three times in a row to represent addition. For example, III = 3 and XXX = 30. However, V, L, and D are never repeated.
Subtraction pairs: Only I, X, and C can be used as subtractive numerals. I can precede V and X. X can precede L and C. C can precede D and M. For example, IX = 9, XL = 40, CD = 400.
Left to right: Roman numerals are read from left to right, with the largest values appearing first (except for subtractive pairs). For example, MCMLXXXIV = 1984.

Example: How to write 2024 in Roman numerals:
2000 = MM • 20 = XX • 4 = IV → MMXXIV

Roman Numerals Chart (1 to 100)

Below is a complete reference chart showing the Roman numeral equivalent for every number from 1 to 100.

Number	Roman
1	I
2	II
3	III
4	IV
5	V
6	VI
7	VII
8	VIII
9	IX
10	X
11	XI
12	XII
13	XIII
14	XIV
15	XV
16	XVI
17	XVII
18	XVIII
19	XIX
20	XX

Number	Roman
21	XXI
22	XXII
23	XXIII
24	XXIV
25	XXV
26	XXVI
27	XXVII
28	XXVIII
29	XXIX
30	XXX
31	XXXI
32	XXXII
33	XXXIII
34	XXXIV
35	XXXV
36	XXXVI
37	XXXVII
38	XXXVIII
39	XXXIX
40	XL

Number	Roman
41	XLI
42	XLII
43	XLIII
44	XLIV
45	XLV
46	XLVI
47	XLVII
48	XLVIII
49	XLIX
50	L
51	LI
52	LII
53	LIII
54	LIV
55	LV
56	LVI
57	LVII
58	LVIII
59	LIX
60	LX

Number	Roman
61	LXI
62	LXII
63	LXIII
64	LXIV
65	LXV
66	LXVI
67	LXVII
68	LXVIII
69	LXIX
70	LXX
71	LXXI
72	LXXII
73	LXXIII
74	LXXIV
75	LXXV
80	LXXX
85	LXXXV
90	XC
95	XCV
100	C

Common Years in Roman Numerals

Here are recent and upcoming years written in Roman numerals — commonly searched for tattoos, engravings, and Roman numeral jewelry.

1990

MCMXC

1991

MCMXCI

1992

MCMXCII

1993

MCMXCIII

1994

MCMXCIV

1995

MCMXCV

1996

MCMXCVI

1997

MCMXCVII

1998

MCMXCVIII

1999

MCMXCIX

2000

2001

MMI

2002

MMII

2003

MMIII

2004

MMIV

2005

MMV

2006

MMVI

2007

MMVII

2008

MMVIII

2009

MMIX

2010

MMX

2011

MMXI

2012

MMXII

2013

MMXIII

2014

MMXIV

2015

MMXV

2016

MMXVI

2017

MMXVII

2018

MMXVIII

2019

MMXIX

2020

MMXX

2021

MMXXI

2022

MMXXII

2023

MMXXIII

2024

MMXXIV

2025

MMXXV

2026

MMXXVI

2027

MMXXVII

2028

MMXXVIII

2029

MMXXIX

2030

MMXXX

Roman Numeral Conversion Examples

Here are step-by-step examples of how to convert numbers to and from Roman numerals.

Converting a Number to Roman Numerals

Convert 1984 to Roman numerals:
1000 = M • 900 = CM • 80 = LXXX • 4 = IV
Result: MCMLXXXIV

Convert 3549 to Roman numerals:
3000 = MMM • 500 = D • 40 = XL • 9 = IX
Result: MMMDXLIX

Converting Roman Numerals to a Number

Convert CDXLIV to a number:
CD = 400 • XL = 40 • IV = 4
Result: 444

Converting a Date to Roman Numerals

Convert July 4, 1776 (MM.DD.YYYY format):
July = 7 = VII • 4 = IV • 1776 = MDCCLXXVI
Result: VII.IV.MDCCLXXVI

Where Are Roman Numerals Used Today?

Although Arabic numerals replaced Roman numerals for everyday math centuries ago, Roman numerals still appear in many places:

Clock and watch faces — Many analog clocks use Roman numerals (with IIII often used instead of IV).
Jewelry and tattoos — Roman numeral necklaces, bracelets, and rings are a popular way to commemorate a meaningful date like an anniversary, birthday, or wedding date.
Buildings and monuments — Cornerstones and facades often display the year of construction in Roman numerals.
Movie sequels and events — Film franchises (Rocky II, Star Wars Episode IV) and events like the Super Bowl (Super Bowl LVIII) use Roman numerals.
Book chapters and outlines — Roman numerals are commonly used for chapter numbering, preface pages, and formal outlines.
Royal and papal names — Monarchs and popes use Roman numerals (Queen Elizabeth II, Pope John Paul II).

Roman Numeral Converter - Convert dates and numbers to Roman numerals

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the largest number you can write in Roman numerals?

Using the standard seven symbols (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), the largest number is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). However, by using a bar (vinculum) over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000, much larger numbers can be represented.

How do you write 0 (zero) in Roman numerals?

There is no Roman numeral for zero. The Roman numeral system was developed before the concept of zero was introduced to European mathematics. The word "nulla" (Latin for "none") was sometimes used as a placeholder.

Why do some clocks use IIII instead of IV?

Many clock faces use IIII instead of IV for visual symmetry. Using IIII on the left side balances with the VIII on the right side of the dial. This convention has been used by clockmakers for centuries, though both IIII and IV are correct.

What year is MCMLXXXIV in Roman numerals?

MCMLXXXIV equals 1984. Breaking it down: M = 1000, CM = 900, LXXX = 80, IV = 4. Adding them together: 1000 900 80 4 = 1984.

What is the current year in Roman numerals?

The year 2026 in Roman numerals is MMXXVI. M = 1000, M = 1000, XX = 20, VI = 6.

How do you write a date in Roman numerals for jewelry?

To write a date for Roman numeral jewelry, convert each part of the date separately (month, day, year) and separate them with dots, dashes, or spaces. For example, March 15, 2020 becomes III.XV.MMXX in MM.DD.YYYY format. Use our date converter above to get the exact conversion for your special date.

What is the difference between Roman and Arabic numerals?

Roman numerals use letters (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) to represent values and rely on addition and subtraction rules. Arabic numerals (0-9) use a positional decimal system where each digit's value depends on its place. Arabic numerals are simpler for arithmetic, which is why they replaced Roman numerals for everyday use.

Wear Your Special Date

Turn a meaningful date into a beautiful piece of personalized jewelry. Our Roman numeral necklaces, bracelets, and rings make the perfect anniversary or birthday gift.

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